Who do you think built the Chandrayaan?
Ah so they give away their good ones and keep the bad for themselves?? - good thinkin 99!!
“We now have a tremendous responsibility to inspire India and the world at levels no less than this landing,” said Sankaran Muthusamy, director of the U. R. Rao Satellite Center (URSC), the ISRO (1) centre that led the construction and integration of the Chandrayaan-3 spacecraft and mission.
(1) Indian Space Research Organisation
The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO /ˈɪsroʊ/)[a] is the national space agency of India. It operates as the primary research and development arm of the Department of Space (DoS), which is directly overseen by the Prime Minister of India, while the Chairman of ISRO also acts as the executive of DoS. ISRO is primarily responsible for performing tasks related to space-based operations, space exploration, international space cooperation and the development of related technologies. ISRO is one of the six government space agencies in the world that possesses full launch capabilities, can deploy cryogenic engines, can launch extra-terrestrial missions and operate a large fleet of artificial satellites. ISRO is one of the four government space agencies to have soft landing (uncrewed) capabilities.
So, I’m thinking India … 
1 Like
On Friday, Isro posted on X (formerly Twitter) that “efforts to establish communication with the Vikram lander and Pragyaan rover will continue”.
I know Omah, but it got bret thinking…He didn’t know either…
1 Like
There’s a good reason why travelling and landing on the moon is so difficult. What a very inhospitable place it is. I can’t honestly see the possibility of human life ever surviving there, we can’t even imagine how cold -200 degrees C would be, and materials and mechanics that work well here stand no chance of surviving that kind of cold.
good bloody guess that too!!
yea that’s why were called terra firma - good name for a firm heh - firm earth - good name for a new song too!!
1 Like
yea that’s why were called terra firma - good name for a firm heh - firm earth - good name for a new song too!!
But:
Consider, for example, the International Space Station (ISS).
Without thermal controls, the temperature of the orbiting Space Station’s Sun-facing side would soar to 250 degrees F (121 C), while thermometers on the dark side would plunge to minus 250 degrees F (-157 C). There might be a comfortable spot somewhere in the middle of the Station, but searching for it wouldn’t be much fun!
Insulation for the International Space Station doesn’t look like the fluffy mat of pink fibers you often find in Earth homes. The Station’s insulation is instead a highly-reflective blanket called Multi-Layer Insulation (or MLI) made of Mylar and dacron.
MLI insulation does a double-duty job: keeping solar radiation out, and keeping the bitter cold of space from penetrating the Station’s metal skin.
It does its work so well that the ISS presents another thermal challenge for engineers – dealing with internal temperatures that are always on the rise inside this super-insulated orbiting laboratory fully stocked with many kinds of heat-producing instruments.
The basic answer is to install heat exchangers. Designers created the Active Thermal Control System, or ATCS for short, to take the heat out of the spacecraft.
The ISS is designed and built with thermal balance in mind – and it is equipped with a thermal control system that keeps the astronauts in their orbiting home cool and comfortable.
The average temperature of empty space between celestial bodies is calculated at 3 kelvins (minus 270.15 degrees Celsius or minus 457.87 degrees Fahrenheit). Absolute zero, the temperature at which absolutely all activity stops, is zero kelvins (minus 273.15 degrees Celsius or minus 459.67 degrees Fahrenheit). This makes space one of the ‘coldest places’ in the universe, although scientists and physicists have actually created colder conditions in laboratories on Earth.
Spacecraft that travel into deep space (like Voyager, the Cassini Saturn probe, or the Pluto New Horizons mission) have to protect against extreme cold to preserve their instruments, but they also have to deal with overheating! Because there is so little in space, heat cannot be transferred through conduction or convection as on Earth, instead it is exchanged through emission/radiation. This is extremely slow, so spacecraft can sometime struggle with instruments and technology overheating without the ability to cool down.
1 Like
tell ya wot - there seems an awful lot of shere faith involved when ya shut yaself into one of those things - take off and hope to come back not well done both sides!!
Thanks Omah, very interesting. It appears to me that this kind of heat control is only successful on a very small scale. The problems associated with anything larger than the ISS space station on the surface of the moon would be immense. Then you have to consider the effects of almost zero gravity on the human body. This was the reason that only six months at a time could be endured on the ISS. If placing a small community on the moon will be feasible in the future, it won’t be in my lifetime.